全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1432篇 |
免费 | 183篇 |
国内免费 | 106篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 754篇 |
大气科学 | 59篇 |
地球物理 | 283篇 |
地质学 | 203篇 |
海洋学 | 163篇 |
天文学 | 18篇 |
综合类 | 125篇 |
自然地理 | 116篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 58篇 |
2018年 | 49篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 83篇 |
2014年 | 93篇 |
2013年 | 132篇 |
2012年 | 102篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 82篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 122篇 |
2006年 | 82篇 |
2005年 | 69篇 |
2004年 | 75篇 |
2003年 | 47篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1721条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
91.
A systematic investigation of the effect of configurations of stochastically distributed fracture networks on hydraulic behaviour for fractured rock masses could provide either quantitative or qualitative correlation between the structural configuration of the fracture network and its corresponding hydraulic behaviour, and enhance our understanding of appropriate application of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling in fractured rock masses. In this study, the effect of block sizes, intersection angles of fracture sets, standard deviations of fracture orientation, and fracture densities on directional block hydraulic conductivity and representative elementary volume is systematically investigated in two dimensions by implementing a numerical discrete fracture fluid flow model and incorporating stochastically distributed fracture configurations. It is shown from this investigation that the configuration of a stochastically distributed fracture network has a significant quantitative or qualitative effect on the hydraulic behaviour of fractured rock masses. Compared with the deterministic fracture configurations that have been extensively dealt with in a previous study, this investigation is expected to be more practical and adequate, since fracture geometry parameters are inherently stochastically distributed in the field. Moreover, the methodology and approach presented in this study may be generally applied to any fracture system in investigating the hydraulic behaviours from configurations of the fracture system while establishing a ‘bridge’ from the discrete fracture network flow modelling to equivalent continuum modelling in fractured rock masses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
93.
94.
In this study a simple modelling approach was applied to identify the need for spatial complexity in representing hydrological processes and their variability over different scales. A data set of 18 basins was used, ranging between 8 and 4011 km2 in area, located in the Nahe basin (Germany), with daily discharge values for over 30 years. Two different parsimoniously structured models were applied in lumped as well as in spatially distributed according to two distribution classifications: (1) a simple classification based on the lithology expressed in three permeability types and (2) a more complex classification based on seven dominating runoff production processes. The objective of the study was to compare the performances of the models on a local and on a regional scale as well as between the models with a view to identifying the accuracy in capturing the spatial variability of the rainfall‐runoff relationships. It was shown that the presence of a specific basin characteristic or process of the distribution classification was not related with higher model performance; only a larger basin size promoted higher model performance. The results of this study also indicated that the permeability generally contained more useful information on the spatial heterogeneity of the hydrological behaviour of the natural system than did a more detailed classification on dominating runoff generation processes. Although model performance was slightly lower for the model that used permeability as a distribution classification, consistency in its parameter values was found, which was lacking with the more complex distribution classification. The latter distribution classification had a higher flexibility to optimize towards the variability of the runoff, which resulted in higher performance, however, process representation was applied inconsistently. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
This paper presents a method developed for estimating wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without prior assumption of noise distribution. It is based on two-dimenslonal ocean wave spectra retrieved from fully calibrated SAR images. Wen‘s spectrum was used as first-guess wave spectrum in the retrieval process. Comparison of the estimated wave height obtained by this method from two ERS-1 SAR subimages dated 23 July 1994 with in-situ measurements showed that the method works well. 相似文献
96.
97.
?????GEO????????????????????????????????????Kalman???????GEO?????????????????????????????????????η????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????з?????????????????????????????????????????Kalman???????????н????????????????к???????????????????????,????????????????Kalman????????????????????????????,???????Kalman???????????????????????????????????????????Kalman?????????????????????GEO????????????? 相似文献
98.
SAR data are almost independent from weather conditions, and thus are well suited for mapping of seasonally changing variables such as land cover. In regard to recent and upcoming missions, multitemporal and multi-frequency approaches become even more attractive. In the present study, classifier ensembles (i.e., boosted decision tree and random forests) are applied to multi-temporal C-band SAR data, from different study sites and years. A detailed accuracy assessment shows that classifier ensembles, in particularly random forests, outperform standard approaches like a single decision tree and a conventional maximum likelihood classifier by more than 10% independently from the site and year. They reach up to almost 84% of overall accuracy in rural areas with large plots. Visual interpretation confirms the statistical accuracy assessment and reveals that also typical random noise is considerably reduced. In addition the results demonstrate that random forests are less sensitive to the number of training samples and perform well even with only a small number. Random forests are computationally highly efficient and are hence considered very well suited for land cover classifications of future multifrequency and multitemporal stacks of SAR imagery. 相似文献
99.
Different ocean features usually appear in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images simultaneously. This makes the image compli- cated and hard to understand. Because of lower signal-to-noise rate , it is much more difficult to separate different ocean features than to separate different land features. A completely novel method is presented to separate ocean features from multifrequency po- larimetric SAR imagery. AIRSAR data from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are used in the case studies and good results are achieved. 相似文献
100.
A study of SAR remote sensing of internal solitary waves in the north of the South China Sea:I.Simulation of internal tide transformation 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
For settlement of the well-known problem of contemporary radar imaging models,i.e.,the pmblem of a general underestimation of radar signatures of hydrodynamic features over oceanic internal waves and underwater bottom topography in tidal watels at at high radar frequency bands(X-band and C-band),the impact of the ocean surface mixed layer turbulence and the significance of strat-ified oceanic model on SAR remote sensing of internal solitary waves are proposed.In the north of the South China Sea by utilizing seme observed data of background field the nonlinearity coefficient,the dispersion coefficient,the horizontal variability coefficient and the phase speed in the generalized K-dV equation are determined approximately.Through simulations of internal tide transfor-mation the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the vertical displacement and horizontal velocity of intereal wave field are obtained.The simulation results indicate that the maximum amplitudes of internal solitary waves occur at depth 35 m,but the maximum current speeds take place at depth 20 m in this area of the sea(about 20°30'N,114°E)in August.It was noticed that considering the effects of flood current and ebb current respectively is appropriate to investigate influence of the background shear flow on coefficients of the K-dV equation.The obtained results provide the possibility for the simulation of SAR signatures of inter-nal solitary waves under considering the impact of ocean surface mixed layer turbulence in the companion paper. 相似文献